It should be understood that the internal atoms of the crystal are bonded to each other by their valance electrons. Quartz crystal, when used, holds and produces a flow of energy (Figures 6 &7): In the case were quartz or other crystal substrates are subjected to any kind of kinetic energy or electro magnetic stimulation And not connected into an electrical circuit, the energy is then dissipated via dialectical resonance into the local environment. Thin slices will resonate at millions of cycles per second. The smaller the size, the higher the resonant frequency.
The resonate frequency is entirely dependent on its physical size. Quartz is also pyro electric and additionally, it will resonate when influenced by electromagnetic fields. An alternating voltage results from mechanical ‘pushes and pulls’. The polarity is reversed on the application of a compressional stress. The net result being, the appearance of charges at the external boundaries along a particular axis. This separation of charges exists for all the atomic groups within the crystal. The centre of action of the three positive charges, moves away from the centre and an ‘electrical moment’ results. In case ‘B’ if the group undergoes a tensile stress, electrons are displaced. (See Figure 1).įigure 2 shows an isolated atomic group where ‘A’ is the unstressed atom: positive and negative charges (associated respectively with the silicon and oxygen atoms) are coincident and the material is electrically neutral. Positive charges are shown carried by silicon atoms (+), negative charges by double oxygen atoms (-).
Silicon and oxygen atoms bond with each other and produce molecules of silicon dioxide gas (Si02) which crystallises in the Earth’s magma. Inside the crystal, the constituent atoms are arranged in a definite pattern that is repeated at distances having atomic dimensions. Liberating the electrical charges when the crystal is stressed is a function of electrical asymmetry within the atomic groups of which the crystal is built. property, but with the possible exception of tourmaline, quartz is the only mineral in which this property can be put too practical use for the purposes stated above. phenomenon is applied to improve methods of frequency stability.Ī number of crystalline materials possess the P.E. In the field of telecommunications, the P.E. crystal acted as a link in sound reproduction via the needle, the quartz was pressurised by the music etchings in the record’s groves. In the early electrical gramophones the P.E. All of the above employ silicon chips (integrated circuits). Microphones, Radio and television receivers and transmitters, computers, mobile phones, chronographs. This quantum mechanical principle is well known and is widely used in all types of manufactured products. crystal a suitable vehicle for conversions from sound to electrical energies., particularly were sensitivity to high frequencies is desired. This inter-relationship of mechanical vibration and electrical oscillation makes the P.E.
effect to function, the crystal must be connected into an electronic circuit so that the kinetic energy is transformed into electron flow within the circuitry of the apparatus (1). effect of quartz and other crystalline substrates for transmission and receiving. The Piezo Electrical (P.E.) effect of quartz crystal is a scientific principle, used in television, radio and medical equipment, such as ultra sound diagnostic apparatus and ultra sonic therapies. The crystal will transduce the mechanical frequencies of the stress into electrical frequencies and voltages.Ĭonversely when alternating electrical voltages are applied to (or near) a quartz crystal, the crystal will mechanically vibrate. Piezo electricity relates to the electrical dielectric charges in quartz crystal when subjected to mechanical pressure (squeezing and tapping etc). Piezo is from a Greek word meaning pressure.
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